The early nationalists in India played a crucial role in shaping the country’s independence movement. In Class 9 ICSE History, the topic “Programme and Achievements of Early Nationalists – Part 2” likely covers the period following the early nationalist movements up to the early 20th century. Here’s a summary of this topic:

1. Formation of Indian National Congress (INC): The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 with the aim of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians. Early leaders included Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, and others.

2. Moderate Phase (1885-1905): The early phase of the INC was characterized by moderate demands such as constitutional reforms, representation in government, and greater autonomy for Indians within the British Empire. Leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Dadabhai Naoroji advocated for these reforms through petitions, speeches, and discussions with British officials.

3. Partition of Bengal (1905): The British decision to partition Bengal in 1905 sparked widespread protests and was seen as a divide-and-rule tactic. The partition was eventually annulled in 1911 due to the strong opposition it faced.

4. Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908): The partition of Bengal led to the rise of the Swadeshi Movement, which aimed at boycotting British goods and promoting Indian products. This movement emphasized self-reliance and self-respect.

5. Role of Leaders: Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh played significant roles in promoting nationalism and advocating for more radical forms of protest against British rule.

6. Impact of Early Nationalists: The early nationalists laid the foundation for India’s independence movement by creating awareness, mobilizing people, and challenging British policies through peaceful protests and petitions.

7. Shift towards Extremism: Towards the early 20th century, there was a shift towards more extremist methods of protest, including revolutionary activities and the use of violence, as seen in the rise of the Ghadar Movement and the Anushilan Samiti.

8. Conclusion: The period of early nationalism in India was marked by the emergence of a strong sense of Indian identity and a growing demand for self-rule. The achievements of the early nationalists paved the way for later movements that ultimately led to India’s independence in 1947.

This summary provides a broad overview of the topic “Programme and Achievements of Early Nationalists – Part 2” in Class 9 ICSE History.