Here’s a summary of the topic “Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement” for your Class 9 ICSE History:

Mahatma Gandhi played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence through his philosophy of nonviolent resistance, known as Satyagraha. He emerged as a leader during the Indian National Movement and his methods of protest like non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and fasting became powerful tools in the fight against British colonial rule.

Gandhi’s leadership was marked by his emphasis on truth (Satya) and nonviolence (Ahimsa). He believed in the dignity of all individuals and promoted social reforms, including the upliftment of the untouchables (Harijans) and the promotion of khadi (homespun cloth) to boycott foreign goods.

Some of the key events associated with Gandhi’s involvement in the National Movement include the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-22, the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930-34 (which included the Salt March), and the Quit India Movement of 1942.

Gandhi’s efforts were not limited to political freedom; he also worked towards Hindu-Muslim unity and advocated for the rights of women. His life and teachings continue to inspire movements for nonviolence, civil rights, and freedom across the world.